Anovulation occurs when an egg (ovum) does not release properly during the menstrual cycle. This can reduce or affect the chances of getting pregnant in women. An ovum or egg, which can fuse with the sperm released from the male reproductive organ during fertilization, is crucial in pregnancy. Over a period of time,  anovulation  can be a common cause of infertility in women. Today, we are going to discuss treatment for anovulation-related infertility in this article.

Symptoms Of Anovulation

Anovulation can cause the following symptoms, which are given below:

• Irregular periods: Individuals may experience a change in the length of the menstrual cycle 
• Very heavy or light mensuration: You may experience heavy or light menstrual bleeding during the menstrual cycle.
• Lack of periods (amenorrhea): An individual may experience an absence of a period for one or more time without being pregnant.
• Lack of cervical mucus: Individuals may experience a lack of cervical discharge (cervical mucus), which is more likely during ovulation.
• Irregular basal body temperature: You may have irregular basal body temperature (temperature when you are at rest).

Causes of anovulation

Anovulation can be caused by various factors affecting our bodies' natural mechanisms. Some of the causes of anovulation are given below:

1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): It is the common cause of anovulation in women. Women who have a hormonal disorder with small cysts on the outer edges of ovaries may have an increased risk of anovulation.
2. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI): Individuals who are experiencing premature menopause may have an increased chance of getting anovulation.
3. Hypothalamus or pituitary gland dysfunction: Women who have a hypothalamus or pituitary gland dysfunction may have a chance of getting anovulation.
4. Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR): Individuals who have a loss of normal reproductive potential in the ovary can get anovulation. 
5. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA): Women who have an FHA (menstrual problem due to hypothalamus disorder) may have an increased risk of getting anovulation.
6. Menopause: Women who are in the stage of menopause may experience anovulation.

Diagnosis

Anovulation can be diagnosed by the following methods which are given below: 

• Pregnancy test
• Tests of certain hormone levels [progesterone,FSH,LH, levels]
• Thyroid tests
• Glucose tolerance test
• Vaginal ultrasound

Unlocking Fertility: Strategies and Solutions for Anovulation-Related Infertility

1. Lifestyle modifications

• Weight management: It is recommended to manage an ideal weight, which can help regulate the menstrual cycle in individuals.
•  Nutrition: Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help maintain women's reproductive health. It is advised to restrict or avoid excessive consumption of processed food and junk food, which can affect individuals' hormonal balance.
• Exercise: Doing regular physical activity can help increase body weight, which will help reduce the risk of anovulation in women.

2. Medical adherence

• Clomiphene citrate: It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat anovulation or oligo-ovulatory infertility by inducing the process of ovulation in patients. It works by stimulating the hormone which is involved in the growth and release of the mature ovum in women.
• Gonadotropin: It is given as a second line  treatment in anovulation after giving the clomiphene citrate and letrozole. It helps to stimulate the release of an egg in women. For example, Hucog HP 5000IU Injection is an antineoplastic medication belonging to the class of luteinizing hormone analog, containing the active ingredient gonadotropin. It is mainly used in fertility treatments to stimulate ovulation in women. 

• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): It is often used with clomiphene citrate or follicle-stimulating hormone treatments. It helps in the release of an egg from the ovary. It can also result in false positives in pregnancy tests. 
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH is a natural hormone in women that helps stimulate the growth and release of eggs from the ovary. Medications like Bravelle, Fertinex, Follistim, and Gonal-F can help to replicate the natural FSH hormone in women.
• GnRH agonists and antagonists: This is a group of medications that are used to control the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) by preventing the spontaneous release of an egg during the process of fertility treatment.

3. Surgery

• Ovarian drilling and ovarian wedge resection: This type of surgery is used in the treatment of anovulation due to PCOS in patients. If you have PCOS, it will affect the hormones that are involved in the growth and release of eggs from the ovaries.

Conclusion

Anovulation and infertility are interlinked conditions. If you are trying to conceive or experiencing difficulties in getting pregnant, it is advisable to address anovulation promptly to mitigate the risk of infertility in women. Always consult with your doctor for personalized treatment before anovulation progresses into more severe infertility issues.